MINNEAPOLIS — During his first presidential visit to Indian Country on Friday, Joe Biden delivered a historic and emphatic apology, acknowledging 150 years of abuse, trauma and death inflicted by Native American boarding schools.
"I formally apologize, as President of the United States of America, for what we did," Biden said. "It's one of the most horrific chapters in American history," said President Biden.
Christine Diindiisi McCleave, former CEO of the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, spent years documenting the stories of boarding school survivors and advocating for justice and accountability by the US leaders.
"My family has two generations of boarding school history that I know of," McCleave said, during an interview for the KARE 11 Series "Lost History," which detailed the impact of boarding schools in Minnesota.
During his speech on Friday, President Biden acknowledged the work of the Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition and efforts to better understand the horrors and generational trauma the schools inflicted.
"Generations of Native children stolen, taken away to places they didn't know," Biden said. "Children abused emotionally, physically and sexually abused, forced into hard labor, some put up for adoption without the consent of their birth parents. Some left for dead in unmarked graves."
Christine Diindiisi McCleave: "I struggle with what I'm supposed to say and what I really feel."
Kent Erdahl: "Why do you say that?"
McCleave: "Well, because today is historic and while I am grateful to see this progress being made. I am also realizing just how short it falls... from real reparations, from real healing."
She knows she's not the only one who feels that way. The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition surveyed survivors in 2016.
"The thing they wanted the least was an apology because, while it is an acknowledgement, it doesn't change anything," McCleave said. "The majority of them said they wanted a truth commission. Trying to find out exactly how many boarding schools existed, how many children went to those boarding schools and how many children died at those schools."
She says an investigation led by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, whose grandparents and mother were among those sent to these schools did help better understand that impact, but it only scratched the surface.
"They were only able to investigate the Federal Government's records," McCleave said. "Half of these schools were run by churches, of various denominations, and so a truth commission would be able to look into those records as well."
"Nearly one thousand documented Native child deaths, though the real number is likely to be much, much higher," Biden said on Friday.
Bills in both the House and the Senate could make that commission a reality, but until that happens, Christine says she can't ignore the politics of an apology that took place in a swing state, just days before an election.
McCleave: "This apology doesn't change anything for my mother, who was abused as a child. Of for my grandfather who was a abused at a Catholic Indian Boarding School."
Erdahl: "Do you hope that this isn't just an election ploy?"
McCleave: "I hope that this apology actually helps that bill get passed. Native American people are no stranger to being political pawns, so you know what, if this is an election ploy so be it, I hope something good comes out of it."